The publication of a new dietary guide in the United States has prompted mixed reviews, with both positive aspects and significant limitations. Among the positive contributions, the recognition of the central role of food in promoting public health stands out, as well as the emphasis on fresh foods and an approach centered on dietary patterns, rather than a purely nutritional perspective.
However, the proliferation of food guides can create confusion among professionals and consumers. The new pyramid does not present a clear hierarchy of foods, making it difficult to interpret the recommended portions. Additionally, it does not adequately distinguish the different levels and objectives of food processing, a critical aspect in light of current scientific evidence.
The guide also promotes a high consumption of animal protein, exceeding the recommendations of international standards such as the EAT-Lancet Commission, without incorporating environmental considerations. The inclusion of animal fats for cooking and the recommendation of whole dairy products raise concerns about excessive consumption of saturated fat, making it difficult to comply with the guideline of not exceeding 10% of total energy intake, present in the same document. The recommendation regarding sugars is equally vague and difficult to apply in practice.
In terms of consumer communication, it is important to emphasize that low-fat dairy products are sufficient to guarantee the intake of essential nutrients and that there are alternative, less energy-dense food sources of micronutrients such as vitamin A. In the Portuguese context, this guide does not seem to add value compared to the Food Wheel, which is widely validated and culturally appropriate.
